Methods: We studied several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters of the sensorimotor cortex in a group of patients with aMCI and followed them for 6 years. We sought to determine (1) whether the sensorimotor network shows peculiar alterations in patients with aMCI and (2) if sensorimotor network alterations predict long-term disease progression at the individual level. Objective: To investigate the neurophysiological hallmarks of sensorimotor cortex function in aMCI under the hypothesis that some may represent the plastic rearrangements induced by neurodegeneration, hence predictors of future conversion to AD. No seizure events due to TMS were reported, and the mild adverse response rate is approximately 3/1000 (i.e., 9/2728).įindings of our meta-analysis demonstrate the potential of using TMS-derived cortical excitability and plasticity measures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD and MCI.īackground: Early and affordable identification of subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who will convert to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major scientific challenge. Additionally, lower cognitive performance was significantly associated with higher cortical excitability and lower inhibition. Patients with MCI exhibited increased cortical excitability and reduced plasticity compared to the CN cohort. Patients with AD showed significantly higher cortical excitability, lower cortical inhibition, and impaired cortical plasticity compared to the CN cohorts. Sixty-one studies with a total of 2,728 participants (1,454 patients with AD, 163 patients with MCI, and 1,111 CN) were included.
#Cog invasions plus#
The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the utility of TMS-derived measures for differentiating patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from cognitively normal older adults (CN).ĭatabases searched included PubMed, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Medline, and CINAHL Plus from inception to July 2021.
When stimulation is applied over the primary motor cortex and coupled with electromyography measures, TMS can probe functions of cortical excitability and plasticity in vivo. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique.
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